International Relations Prelims Question

In humid regions, which receive heavy rainfall, running water is considered the most important of the geomorphic agents in bringing about the degradation of the land surface.
Most of the erosional landforms made by running water are associated with vigorous and youthful rivers flowing over steep gradients. With time, stream channels over steep gradients turn gentler due to continued erosion and, as a consequence, lose their velocity, facilitating active deposition.
Erosional landforms from running water - Valleys, potholes and plunge pools, incised or entrenched meanders, river terraces.
Depositional landforms - Alluvial fans, meanders, deltas, floodplains, natural levees and point bars, and braided channels.
River terraces are surfaces marking old valley floor or flood-plain levels. They may be bedrock surfaces without any alluvial cover or alluvial terraces consisting of stream deposits. River terraces are basically products of erosion as they result due to vertical erosion, by the stream into its own depositional flood-plain. There can be a number of such terraces at different heights indicating former river bed levels. The river terraces may occur at the same elevation on either side of the rivers in which case they are called paired terraces.
Natural levees and point bars are some of the important landforms found associated with flood-plains. Natural levees are found along the banks of large rivers. They are low, linear and parallel ridges of coarse deposits along the banks of the rivers, quite often cut into individual mounds. Point bars are also known as meander bars. They are found on the concave side of the meanders of large rivers and are sediments deposited in a linear fashion by flowing waters along the bank. They are almost uniform in profile and in width, and contain mixed sizes of sediments.

In humid regions, which receive heavy rainfall, running water is considered the most important of the geomorphic agents in bringing about the degradation of the land surface.
Most of the erosional landforms made by running water are associated with vigorous and youthful rivers flowing over steep gradients. With time, stream channels over steep gradients turn gentler due to continued erosion and, as a consequence, lose their velocity, facilitating active deposition.
Erosional landforms from running water - Valleys, potholes and plunge pools, incised or entrenched meanders, river terraces.
Depositional landforms - Alluvial fans, meanders, deltas, floodplains, natural levees and point bars, and braided channels.
River terraces are surfaces marking old valley floor or flood-plain levels. They may be bedrock surfaces without any alluvial cover or alluvial terraces consisting of stream deposits. River terraces are basically products of erosion as they result due to vertical erosion, by the stream into its own depositional flood-plain. There can be a number of such terraces at different heights indicating former river bed levels. The river terraces may occur at the same elevation on either side of the rivers in which case they are called paired terraces.
Natural levees and point bars are some of the important landforms found associated with flood-plains. Natural levees are found along the banks of large rivers. They are low, linear and parallel ridges of coarse deposits along the banks of the rivers, quite often cut into individual mounds. Point bars are also known as meander bars. They are found on the concave side of the meanders of large rivers and are sediments deposited in a linear fashion by flowing waters along the bank. They are almost uniform in profile and in width, and contain mixed sizes of sediments.

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