Fig trees (genus Ficus) are considered sacred in India, East Asia and Africa and are common in agricultural and urban landscapes where other large trees are absent. In natural forests, fig trees provide food for wildlife when other resources are scarce and support a high density and diversity of frugivores (fruit-eating animals). If frugivorous birds and bats continue to visit to fig trees located in sites with high human disturbances, sacred fig trees may promote frugivore abundance. Under a favourable microclimate, plenty of seedlings of other tree species would grow around fig trees. On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumption have been made: 1. Fig trees can often be keystone species in natural forests. 2. Fig trees can grow where other large woody species cannot grow. 3. Sacred trees can have a role in biodiversity conservation. 4. Fig trees have a role in the seed dispersal of other tree species. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Statement 1 is valid assumption - The passage mentions fig trees providing food for wildlife species and supporting a density and diversity of frugivores where resources are scarce and absent in natural forests. Hence, negating this statement will render this above line false. so, it is valid assumption. Statement 2 is not a valid assumption - It can be an inference drawn from the passage that fig trees can grow where others are absent. However, negating this statement, also doesn't invalidate any statement made in the passage by the author. Hence, statement 2 is not a valid assumption. Statement 3 is a valid assumption - The passage mentions biodiversity prevailing around fig trees in the form of frugivores, bats, animals, and humans living in co-existence. Hence, the third statement holds as a valid assumption. Statement 4 is a valid assumption - The line provides a link between the lines "frugivorous birds and bats continue to visit..." and "plenty of seedlings of other tree species". Hence, it is a valid assumption.