Modern History Prelims Question

Lord Lytton started a new foreign policy of ‘proud reserve’, which was aimed at having scientific frontiers and safeguarding ‘spheres of influence’.
Lytton made an offer of a favourable treaty to Sher Ali, but the Amir wanted friendship with both his powerful neighbours, Russia and British India, while keeping both of them at an arm’s length.
Later, Sher Ali refused to keep a British envoy in Kabul, while having earlier granted a similar concession to the Russians. Lytton was displeased and when the Russians withdrew their envoy from Kabul, Lytton decided to invade Afghanistan. Sher Ali fled in face of the British invasion, and the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879) was signed with Yakub Khan, the eldest son of Sher Ali.
Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879): The Treaty signed after the Second-Anglo Afghan War provided that:
the Amir conduct his foreign policy with the advice of the Government of India;
a permanent British resident be stationed at Kabul; and
the Government of India give Amir all support against foreign aggression and an annual subsidy.

Lord Lytton started a new foreign policy of ‘proud reserve’, which was aimed at having scientific frontiers and safeguarding ‘spheres of influence’.
Lytton made an offer of a favourable treaty to Sher Ali, but the Amir wanted friendship with both his powerful neighbours, Russia and British India, while keeping both of them at an arm’s length.
Later, Sher Ali refused to keep a British envoy in Kabul, while having earlier granted a similar concession to the Russians. Lytton was displeased and when the Russians withdrew their envoy from Kabul, Lytton decided to invade Afghanistan. Sher Ali fled in face of the British invasion, and the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879) was signed with Yakub Khan, the eldest son of Sher Ali.
Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879): The Treaty signed after the Second-Anglo Afghan War provided that:
the Amir conduct his foreign policy with the advice of the Government of India;
a permanent British resident be stationed at Kabul; and
the Government of India give Amir all support against foreign aggression and an annual subsidy.

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