Consider the following statements about gun-powder:
1. It was first invented in Europe.
2. By the reign of Sultan Feroz Shah Tughluq, its only use was for fireworks (atashbazi), not for fire-arms.
3. The use of fire-arms, on a regular basis, was introduced by the French.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
• Gun-powder consists of saltpetre, sulphur and charcoal.
• It was first invented in China. Later, it spread to the Islamic society. The immigrant Turks brought gun-powder to India, perhaps in late 13th or early 14th century. But, it must be pointed out that even by the reign of Sultan Feroz Shah Tughluq; its only use was for pyrotechny or fireworks (atashbazi), not for fire-arms or for propelling cannon-balls.
• Fire-arms were used, for the first time, during the second half of the 15th century in some regions of India, like Gujarat, Malwa and the Deccan.
• The use of fire-arms, on a regular basis, was introduced by the Portuguese, when they came to Calicut in A.D. 1498 and by Babur in North India in the early 16th century.
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